1691 Totally Explained

Everything about 1691 totally explained

Year 1691 (MDCXCI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar).

Events of 1691

January - June

March 5 - French troops under Marshal Louis-Francois de Boufflers besiege the Spanish-held town of Mons
March 20 - Leisler's Rebellion - New governor arrives in New York - Jacob Leisler surrenders after standoff of several hours
March 29 - Siege of Mons ends to the city’s surrender
April 9 - a fire at the Palace of Whitehall in London destroys its Stone Gallery.
May 6 - Spanish inquisition condemns and forcibly baptizes 219 Jews in Palma Majorca. When 37 try to escape the island, they're burned alive at the stake
May 16 - Jacob Leisler is hanged for treason.
June - Ahmed II (1691-1695) succeeds Suleiman II (1687-1691) as emperor of the Ottoman Empire.

July - December

July 12

Pope Innocent XII succeeds Pope Alexander VIII as the 242nd pope.
Battle of Aughrim in Ireland

October 3 - Treaty of Limerick which guaranteed civil rights to Catholics was signed. (It was broken "before the ink was dry")

Undated

Michel Rolle invents Rolle's theorem, an essential theorem of mathematics.

In New England the two separate Colonies of Massachusetts Bay Colony and Plymouth Colony are united into a single entity by an act of the King and Queen of England.

The Khalkha submit to the Manchu invaders, bringing most of modern-day Mongolia under the rule of the Qing dynasty.

Births

February 27 - Edward Cave, English editor and publisher (d. 1754)

April 5 - Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (d. 1768)

April 9 - Johann Matthias Gesner, German classical scholar (d. 1761)

June 17 - Giovanni Paolo Pannini, Italian painter and architect (d. 1765)

August 25 - Alessandro Galilei, architect and mathematician (d. 1736)

September 29 - Richard Challoner, English Catholic prelate (d. 1781)

October 1 - Arthur Onslow, English politician (d 1768)

October 28 - Peder Tordenskjold, Norwegian naval hero (d. 1720)

Deaths

January 13 - George Fox, English founder of the Society of Friends (b. 1624)

January 17 - Richard Lower, English physician (b. 1631)

February 1 - Pope Alexander VIII (b. 1610)

April 3 - Jean Petitot, Swiss enamel painter (b. 1607)

May 11 - Colonel John Birch, English soldier (b. 1615)

May 16 - Jacob Leisler, German-born American colonist (b. 1640)

May 23 - Adrien Auzout, French astronomer (b. 1622)

May 29 - Cornelis Tromp, Dutch admiral (b. 1629)

June 23 - Suleiman II, Sultan, Ottoman Empire (b. 1642)

July 12 - Marquis de St Ruth (killed at the Battle of Aughrim)

July 16 - François-Michel le Tellier, Marquis de Louvois, French war minister (b. 1641)

July 30 - Daniel Georg Morhof, German writer and scholar (b. 1639)

August 14 - Richard Talbot, 1st Earl of Tyrconnel, Irish rebel (b. 1630)

September 12 - John George III, Elector of Saxony (b. 1647)

October 9 - William Sacheverell, English statesman (b. 1638)

October 10 - Isaac de Benserade, French poet (b. 1613)

November 14 - Tosa Mitsuoki, Japanese painter (b. 1617)

November 15 - Aelbert Cuyp, Dutch painter (b. 1620)

December 8 - Richard Baxter, English clergyman (b. 1615)

December 30 - Robert Boyle, Irish chemist (b. 1627)

probable - Elizabeth Polwheele, English playwright (b. ca. 1651)

Further Information

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